Dietary nutrition for kidney diseases, recipes and weekly menu

“Space diet” by Sergei Sivokho: without denying himself anything, the comedian lost 42 kg in 3 months

Another dietary restriction for the purpose of instant weight loss without causing harm to health is a protein-free diet. It will not only get rid of excess weight, but also replenish the body with all the necessary vitamins and nutrients.

Why it is useful and whether it is worth sticking to it, we will consider further.

Description of the protein-free diet

The essence of a low-protein diet is to reduce the amount of protein in the diet. The macronutrient is not completely abandoned, as it is dangerous for the body. WHO recommends consuming an average of 0.75 g of protein per 1 kg of weight. When dieting, this amount is reduced to 0.55 g. They do not refuse meat, fish and poultry, but reduce the portions.

Healthy people are advised to follow a protein-free diet for no more than 7 days.

What is the essence of the diet?

This diet plan involves reducing the amount of protein consumed. As a result of the refusal or reduction in the amount of protein, the load on the kidneys and liver is reduced, and metabolism in the structures of these organs is normalized. A low-protein diet requires careful control of the amount of protein consumed. At the same time, the body must receive amino acids, vitamins and necessary micro- and macroelements.

People with normal health should not use this diet.

Indications for dieting

The main indications for prescribing a therapeutic diet include cancer, kidney disease and pathologies of the lymphoid tissue of the brain. Sometimes protein intake is limited due to liver disorders. Short-term reduction of the proportion of amino acids in the menu with high blood pressure.

Oncological diseases

Scientists suggest that proteins serve as food for cancerous tumors. The latter produce energy during the fermentation of amino acids. Experiments have shown that the growth of tumors does not stop even with an 80% restriction of meat products on the menu. It is believed that casein stimulates the development of tumors most of all. Some doctors also advise reducing the proportion of methionine in the menu. Without it, the growth of tumors in the mammary glands is impossible.

It is not recommended to completely give up protein, despite research results, since tumors will receive amino acids from muscle tissue. However, moderate restriction slows down the growth of tumors.

Kidney diseases

With kidney disease, their ability to filter deteriorates. This means that metabolic products are removed from the body more slowly. This primarily concerns creatinine, a by-product that is formed during the breakdown of protein molecules. This compound has no functional purpose and is harmful to the body. When it increases, a person experiences muscle pain, weakness, and swelling. To prevent the accumulation of creatinine in tissues, the amount of protein consumed is reduced so that diseased kidneys have time to cope with its excretion.

Pathologies of brain lymphoid tissue

Most often, pathologies of the lymphoid tissue of the brain are oncological in nature. In this case, exclusion of proteins is required to slow down the growth of tumors and prevent the emergence of new lesions.

When following a protein-free diet, you must strictly follow its basic rules.

Pros and cons of a protein diet

In addition to fulfilling the main task of “getting rid of extra pounds quickly, but not for long,” this program also brings other benefits to the body.

• The condition of the skin improves.
• Removing toxins and harmful substances.
• Lack of hunger due to the long process of protein digestion.
• Ideal for athletes.
• As with everything, there are also disadvantages:
• Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, manifested by constipation. To combat them, drink more water. In exceptional cases, you can resort to the use of laxatives.
• Unpleasant odor from the mouth.
• The cost of some ingredients, such as seafood, is quite high.
• With prolonged dieting, calcium deficiency develops.
• Due to a lack of carbohydrates, performance decreases.

Contraindications

• Anemia;
• Pregnancy and lactation periods;
• Kidney diseases;
• Pancreatic diseases;
• Diabetes;
• Gout;
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• Individual protein intolerance;
• Liver diseases;
• Elderly or children's age.

For children

Any type of protein diet is prohibited for persons under the age of majority. This is explained by the fact that a growing human body must receive as many nutrients and vitamins as possible. The child’s diet during the period of active growth must be balanced in all parameters and ratios of BZHU.

During pregnancy and lactation

The reason why pregnant and lactating women should not follow a protein diet is similar. During pregnancy and lactation, a woman should receive a large amount of nutrients. This is necessary for the proper development of the fetus and child.

General rules

The general rules of a low protein diet are as follows:

1. Salt and hot spices are removed from the diet. You can minimize their number, but it is better to refuse completely. This is especially important for kidney diseases, since spicy and salty foods irritate the kidney tissue.
2. The proportion of liquid is controlled. Try to drink 2 liters per day. In case of kidney disease, the amount of fluid, on the contrary, may be limited.
3. When preparing dishes, gentle processing methods are used.
4. Switch to fractional meals. Eat up to 4-6 times a day. Portions should be small: 250-300 g. You can eat after 18 hours, but you need to have dinner 2-3 hours before bedtime.
5. Strength training, sports and any vigorous physical activity are avoided. A low-protein diet is accompanied by weakness. To preserve the functions of internal organs, the body breaks down muscles into amino acids. For this reason, you should not strain yourself, otherwise you will make your exhaustion worse.

They consume approximately 80 g of fat, 350 g of carbohydrates and 20-30 g of protein per day, which is 2200 calories. Macronutrient amounts may vary depending on weight.

It is advisable to make calculations together with a nutritionist.

Low protein diet recipes for kidney disease

In the initial form of chronic renal failure, the method of cooking does not matter - frying, boiling and baking are allowed. In case of severe renal failure, when it is necessary to limit potassium, the products must first be boiled. Thus, its content is reduced by almost half (the microelement passes into water).

Potatoes, beets, eggplants and zucchini are rich in potassium, so they are peeled and pre-boiled. In the future, use it at your own discretion. Those suffering from kidney failure can use seasonings and spices - pepper, vinegar, mustard, herbs.

Compote must be prepared from apples and pears; it is not allowed to add dried apricots and raisins to the decoctions due to the high potassium content. In the non-dialysis period for stage 2 chronic renal failure, a diet with 0.6 g/kg of protein is recommended, half of which should be animal proteins. The usual serving of meat or fish is 50 g per day.

Authorized Products

The menu includes the following dishes:

1. Lean meats: beef, chicken, veal and turkey. It is recommended to boil them first, then bake if desired. The size of one serving is 55-60 g. The meat is served along with vegetable side dishes.
2. Low-fat fish: cod, pike perch, pike, pollock, etc. It is preferable to first boil the product, then bake it or eat it as is.
3. Vegetarian soups. They are prepared without the use of rich broths. It is allowed to add vegetables or cereals, but not meat. Serving size is 250-300 ml.
4. Bread. Only a special protein-free one will do. It is eaten with other dishes.
5. Vegetables. Salads and side dishes are prepared from potatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, carrots, beets and tomatoes. In the second case, vegetables are stewed or boiled. It is allowed to decorate dishes with dill, parsley and green onions, if there are no kidney pathologies. If there are diseases, any products with essential oils should be removed from the diet.
6. Eggs. Protein omelettes are prepared from them. Serving: 1 egg. You can add butter or vegetable oil to the dish.
7. Sago. Serves as a replacement for standard side dishes: pasta, cereals and legumes. Sago does not contain protein or gluten, so it is often added to the diet for therapeutic nutrition. The product is used to prepare casseroles, pies, porridges, cutlets, etc.
8. Berries, fruits and dried fruits. The latter are limited in case of chronic renal failure. Additionally, in case of pathology, fruits and berries are consumed only in boiled form, compotes, fruit drinks, etc. are prepared from them. This is due to the need to reduce the proportion of potassium consumed. In other cases, berries and fruits are allowed to be eaten raw.
9. Fermented milk and dairy products. You are allowed to eat up to 50 g of cottage cheese or up to 200-300 g of kefir, fermented baked milk, homemade yogurt or any equivalent per day.
10. Beverages. Rosehip infusion, natural vegetable and fruit juices, coffee and tea are suitable.

On a diet, it is recommended to eat foods that contain a minimum of protein, and it is forbidden to eat those that contain a lot of it.

Nutritional Features

Dietary restrictions in case of renal failure should be aimed at reducing the load on the kidneys to ensure their normal functioning.
There are certain standards that must be adhered to. Protein should be consumed in an amount of 60-40g per day, a mandatory supply of amino acids to the body is also necessary, and salt should be almost completely eliminated - the daily amount of salt should not exceed 1 g. In addition, nutrition for renal failure is adjusted depending on the individual characteristics of the person. Despite the fact that the amount of protein consumed should be low, the body needs fats and carbohydrates in large quantities. Bread is definitely included in the diet of such patients, but only corn or wheat.

Diet therapy also eliminates the consumption of certain drinks that are irritating to the kidneys. Many people forget to pay attention to the liquid they consume, and this is very important. Strictly prohibited drinks and foods:

1. 
   Alcohol.

2. Rich broths from any meat.
3. Strong black teas.
4. Chocolate.
5. Smoked and pickled products.
6. Canned food.
7. Hot and spicy spices.

There is a list of certain foods that can be consumed in case of kidney failure, but the amount of such food must be agreed with the doctor, these are:

1. Dried fruits.
2. Caviar.
3. Dairy products.
4. Various nuts.
5. Fatty fish.
6. Sunflower seeds.
7. All legumes.

The basics of nutritional therapy may vary depending on the course of the disease. If renal failure has just appeared, then dietary restrictions are strict; in the case of a chronic course of the disease, the doctor may further increase the list of prohibited foods. Recipes for medicinal dishes can be very diverse; patients with kidney failure have learned to create a menu, taking into account all dietary restrictions.

The main principle of gentle nutrition is to reduce protein intake. Depending on the degree of the disease, the daily diet may contain up to 60 grams of protein food. The energy value of dishes is increased with carbohydrates and fats - this is the second principle of the diet for renal failure.

The body needs the required amount of vitamins and microelements, so the basis of nutrition should be fresh fruits and vegetables. But it is also important to consider the protein composition of dishes and the level of salt in them.

With extensive edema, fluid intake and sodium, which retains water, should be reduced as much as possible.

The principles of a gentle diet include:

• culinary processing of products - stewing, baking, boiling;
• balanced menu;
• adherence to the regime - meals with the same period of time;
• fractional meals.

Nutrition for renal failure and kidney disease requires restrictions on potassium consumption, and you also need to enrich the menu with fiber and healthy fats.

Many who are faced with food choices for kidney failure are interested in the features and nuances of the diet.

For example, very often patients wonder why bananas or dried fruits are not allowed?

It turns out that during illness the body experiences severe weakness, which is caused in particular by excess potassium in the blood.

It is not excreted in time by the kidneys during this period, and therefore its intake must also be limited. So potassium, as you know, is found in bananas, dried fruits, legumes and avocados.

When choosing nutrition for renal failure, you should take into account its stage and form, and the presence of existing associated problems.

Only with this approach will a therapeutic diet have an effective effect and help the body cope with the disease.

In addition to drug therapy, the specialist must prescribe diet No. 7. This allows you to achieve a positive effect as quickly as possible.

The basis of this diet is the removal of under-oxidized metabolic products, an anti-inflammatory effect and the limitation of extractives. However, we must not forget about vitamins and minerals, as well as proteins, fats and carbohydrates in strictly regulated proportions.

Eating according to table No. 7 allows you to normalize metabolic processes. The severity with which the patient adheres to the diet depends on the severity of the disease.

It is forbidden

There is a list of foods that must be excluded from the patient’s diet due to the fact that they irritate the kidneys.

• salty foods;
• broths from meat, fish and mushrooms;
• wheat and black bread;
• chocolate, cocoa, coffee;
• canned meat and fish;
• carbonated drinks;
• mineral waters with high sodium content;
• legumes;
• onions, sorrel, garlic;
• salty fish;
• cheeses;
• sausages and smoked products;
• fatty meats and fish.

The following products are allowed for consumption:

• potatoes, carrots, beets, cauliflower;
• lettuce, tomatoes, cucumbers;
• dill, parsley;
• fruits and berries (both boiled and fresh);
• wheat bran bread;
• soups with vegetables, herbs and lemon;
• lean boiled meat;
• low-fat boiled or baked fish;
• white omelet or soft-boiled egg (no more than 2 per day);
• fermented milk products, cottage cheese and milk;
• weak teas, rosehip decoction, juices diluted with water.

There are several points that patients with kidney disease must adhere to:

1. It is necessary to follow a meal schedule whenever possible.
2. The maximum amount of liquid per day is reduced to 1.5 liters.
3. You need to eat in small portions, at least five times a day.
4. All dishes can be salted only after cooking, and not during.
5. Do not add hot seasonings or spices to dishes.
6. You need to exclude fatty foods from your diet.
7. Increase the amount of vegetables and fruits in your diet.

Another important point when following diet No. 7 is to reduce the amount of protein in the diet. However, protein is an important component of the human body. It is proteins that are involved in the body’s recovery process after various injuries and help fight infections.

The main organ that removes the final product of protein breakdown is the kidneys. And if there is a pathology, then the network of blood vessels that filter the blood ceases to cope with its task.

Therefore, to help your kidneys, you need to follow a low-protein diet. However, you need to remember that you cannot eliminate protein from your diet completely. And for people with minor pathologies, one fasting day a week is enough.

Indications for diet

Strict compliance with the requirements and calculation of the amount of protein, potassium and phosphorus makes it possible to improve the patient’s quality of life and extend the dialysis-free period. For calculations, patients use tables of protein, phosphorus and potassium content in foods.

Six grams of animal protein are contained in: one egg, 30 g of fish, 25 g of meat, 60 g of sour cream, 25 g of cheese, 150 g of yogurt and 25 g of seafood. Two grams of vegetable protein contain 120 g of potatoes, 150 g of oatmeal and 100 g of rice. To add flavor to food, you can use small amounts of dill, bay leaf, parsley, basil, cinnamon, onion, cloves or garlic. You can use low-protein products: amylopectin starch, sago, bread made from maize starch.

Breakfast	curd apple pudding; fruits; tea.
Lunch	boiled carrots with butter.
Dinner	vegetarian soup; boiled meat with sago; compote.
Afternoon snack
Dinner	egg white omelette; vegetable salad; bread.
For the night

Breakfast	oatmeal with water; baked cauliflower; Herb tea.
Lunch
Dinner	borsch; rice with vegetables and beef; compote.
Afternoon snack
Dinner	cottage cheese casserole with carrots; compote.
For the night

Breakfast	egg white omelette; pumpkin-apple puree; tea.
Lunch
Dinner	buckwheat soup; boiled meat; Boiled potatoes; jelly.
Afternoon snack
Dinner	fruit pilaf; fresh cabbage salad; apple decoction.
For the night

Dietary meals are organized according to treatment table No. 7.

For acute and chronic renal failure in people, the dietary features are different, but the principles are general:

1. A serious decrease in the amount of protein - up to 20-70 g/day (calculated only by a doctor based on test results).
2. A slight increase in fats and carbohydrates is to provide the body with the required amount of energy.
3. Sufficient supply of minerals and vitamins.
4. Limit salt to 2-6 g.
5. Strict regulation of fluid intake (no more than 1.2 liters/day).
6. Carrying out fasting days.
7. Number of meals – up to 6 times a day in small portions, avoiding feelings of hunger.
8. Cooking dishes by boiling, steaming, stewing. Roasting and frying are not allowed.
9. The presence of fiber, which comes from plant foods (vegetables, berries, fruits).

Of the proteins, only 50-60% can be of animal origin, and in severe forms of the disease - even less. Fats up to 25% should be represented by plant products. The norm of carbohydrates is 400-450 g/day, of which up to 90 g of sugar.

The total calorie content of the diet is up to 2800 kcal/day. For patients with renal failure, treatment table No. 7 has been developed, including 7a, 7b for acute renal failure, 7c for chronic.

The goal of the nutritional system is to maximize kidney function, accelerate the elimination of metabolic products, and reduce hypertension and edema. The diet is mostly plant-based, proteins and salt are sharply limited, fats and carbohydrates are moderately reduced. In severe forms of the disease, diet 7a is used, according to which proteins are only 20 g/day, carbohydrates - 350 g, fats - 80 g, salt - 2 g. The calorie content of the diet is 2200 kcal.

Other diet features:

• The food is just boiled, steamed
• Avoid products containing oxalic acid and essential oils.
• Bread is used only without salt
• Number of meals – 5-6
• Protein is represented by plant proteins (vegetables, cereals, nuts)
• Vegetable salads are seasoned with vegetable oils
• Fasting days - once a week (on watermelons, apples, pumpkins)

Diet 7b is introduced when the patient’s condition is less severe, but it necessarily involves an additional reduction in potassium. During treatment, the protein norm increases to 40 g, carbohydrates - to 500 g, salt - to 3 g, fats remain at the level of the previous nutrition system. The volume of fluid consumed in the acute form of the pathology does not exceed the amount of water excreted in the urine per glass. The duration of the diet usually does not exceed 1-2 weeks, after which it becomes less strict.

Prohibited Products

The list of prohibited products includes the following:

1. Meat and fish broths. Protein substances remain in them.
2. Alcohol and carbonated drinks, including beer and wine. They aggravate the human condition in pathologies. Drinking alcohol accelerates the breakdown of muscle fibers. Gases in drinks negatively affect the condition of the mucous membranes.
3. Flour and confectionery products. Contains vegetable proteins. They are rich in fast carbohydrates, which is bad for your health. There are almost no useful substances in such products.
4. Legumes. They are completely removed from the menu because they are rich in proteins.

It is recommended to avoid grains. In the absence of pathologies, you can limit their use. The proportion of milk, animal fats and eggs in the menu is reduced. In case of cirrhosis and kidney pathologies, any salty foods are removed from the diet. This applies not only to marinades and chips, but also to bouillon cubes, nuts in bags, etc. With chronic renal failure, the intake of potassium and phosphorus is limited.

Bread with bran, cheese, bananas, and chocolate are prohibited. Fast food is not consumed, regardless of health status.

Approximate menu for the week

The list of dishes on the menu depends on the person’s health status and the chosen diet option. In the absence of pathologies, it is recommended to prefer a gentle diet.

Gentle option

With such a diet, the menu may look like this:

1. Monday. Breakfast: applesauce and apricot juice. For lunch they eat vegetarian soup and a small portion of boiled veal, as well as fruit salad and cherry puree mousse. Dinner: pilaf with sago fruit, egg white omelette and tea.
2. Tuesday. 2 soft-boiled eggs and buckwheat porridge in the morning. In the afternoon - vegetarian borscht, boiled potatoes or mashed potatoes, a portion of boiled meat and compote. In the evening - apple and carrot balls, fruit pilaf and apple juice.
3. Wednesday. In the morning - vegetable salad, buckwheat cereal and baked apple. In the afternoon - rice porridge, boiled meat, vegetable soup and compote. In the evening - steamed egg white omelette, apple fritters, juice.
4. Thursday. Rice pudding, grated carrots, candy without chocolate for breakfast. Lunch - vegetarian soup, rice and boiled chicken with milk sauce, vinaigrette. In the evening - potato pancakes with sour cream, baked apple, vegetable juice.
5. Friday. In the morning - protein omelet, fruit salad. In the afternoon - lean borscht without meat, vegetable casserole, stew. In the evening - beetroot and carrot cutlets, milk pudding.
6. Saturday. Breakfast - cottage cheese casserole and sour cream, fruit mixture. Lunch - potato soup with vegetables, sliced ​​cucumbers and herbs, rice balls. Dinner - buckwheat porridge with milk.
7. Sunday. In the morning - a soft-boiled egg, sago milk porridge with the addition of prunes. In the afternoon - vegetable soup with noodles, boiled fish, mashed potatoes and vinaigrette. In the evening - pilaf from sargo with vegetables and raisins.

Sample menu for a day on a protein-free diet.

Hard option

For a strict diet, the following menu is suitable:

1. Monday. In the morning - oatmeal milk porridge with jam, fruit. In the afternoon - cauliflower soup, baked potatoes, berry jelly. In the evening - cabbage rolls, vegetables and rice, rosehip decoction.
2. Tuesday. Breakfast - baked cauliflower with sour cream and pancakes, fruit. Lunch - vegetable soup, buckwheat with vegetables, compote. Dinner - vegetable pilaf, jelly.
3. Wednesday. In the morning - oatmeal milk porridge, pumpkin puree with jam. In the afternoon - vegetarian soup, mashed potatoes, tea. In the evening - potato pancakes, sour cream, apple juice.
4. Thursday. In the morning - carrot and pumpkin casserole with honey, tofu or cheese. In the afternoon - buckwheat soup, zucchini stuffed with vegetables, jelly. In the evening - fruit pilaf from sago.
5. Friday. Breakfast - grapefruit, zucchini pancakes, cheese. Lunch - semolina soup with vegetables, pancakes, jelly. Dinner - stewed cabbage, rice, vegetable juice.
6. Saturday. In the morning - pancakes on dairy-free dough with honey or jam. In the afternoon - vegetarian borscht, cabbage and vegetable cabbage rolls, jelly. In the evening - millet porridge with pumpkin.
7. Sunday. In the morning - oatmeal with milk and dried apricots. In the afternoon - rice soup with mushrooms, mashed potatoes, compote. In the evening - buckwheat krupenik with the addition of raisins, pumpkin and cottage cheese.

Fully or partially limited products

During the period of exacerbation and rehabilitation, it is important to provide the body with all the necessary vitamins and microelements. There is a list of permitted and recommended products that help restore water and electrolyte balance and metabolism.

To help the kidneys cope with the load, the diet menu includes the following:

• bread and other baked goods without protein from corn starch and bran without salt;
• salt-free vegetable soups;
• poultry, lean veal, rabbit or turkey;
• low-fat types of fish - perch, pike perch, pike, roach;
• boiled or baked vegetables;
• pasta;
• dairy products in limited quantities;
• sweets;
• fruits in any form.

Milk, tomato or vegetable marinade are allowed as sauces. To maintain water balance, the diet includes a decoction of rose hips or lingonberries, non-concentrated fruit juices, weak tea, fruit compotes, and berry fruit drinks.

You can treat yourself to various sweets, mousses, jams, jelly sweets, if there are no concomitant diseases that preclude the consumption of sugar. When acute renal failure occurs, the diet should not contain large amounts of glucose.

During the summer, you should eat watermelon. It has a diuretic effect and fluid is not retained in the body.

Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
zucchini	0,6	0,3	4,6	24
cauliflower	2,5	0,3	5,4	30
potato	2,0	0,4	18,1	80
green onion	1,3	0,0	4,6	19
carrot	1,3	0,1	6,9	32
beet	1,5	0,1	8,8	40
celery	0,9	0,1	2,1	12
tomatoes	0,6	0,2	4,2	20
pumpkin	1,3	0,3	7,7	28
horseradish	3,2	0,4	10,5	56
garlic	6,5	0,5	29,9	143
Fruits
watermelon	0,6	0,1	5,8	25
melon	0,6	0,3	7,4	33
apples	0,4	0,4	9,8	47
Berries
strawberry	0,8	0,4	7,5	41
Cereals and porridges
buckwheat (kernel)	12,6	3,3	62,1	313
white rice	6,7	0,7	78,9	344
sago	1,0	0,7	85,0	350
Confectionery
jam	0,3	0,2	63,0	263
jelly	2,7	0,0	17,9	79
milk candies	2,7	4,3	82,3	364
fondant candies	2,2	4,6	83,6	369
paste	0,5	0,0	80,8	310
Raw materials and seasonings
mustard	5,7	6,4	22,0	162
cinnamon	3,9	3,2	79,8	261
honey	0,8	0,0	81,5	329
ground black pepper	10,4	3,3	38,7	251
dried parsley	22,4	4,4	21,2	276
sugar	0,0	0,0	99,7	398
milk sauce	2,0	7,1	5,2	84
sour cream sauce	1,9	5,7	5,2	78
caraway	19,8	14,6	11,9	333
dried dill	2,5	0,5	6,3	40
Dairy
milk	3,2	3,6	4,8	64
kefir	3,4	2,0	4,7	51
cream	2,8	20,0	3,7	205
sour cream	2,8	20,0	3,2	206
curdled milk	2,9	2,5	4,1	53
acidophilus	2,8	3,2	3,8	57
yogurt	4,3	2,0	6,2	60
Meat products
boiled beef	25,8	16,8	0,0	254
boiled beef tongue	23,9	15,0	0,0	231
boiled veal	30,7	0,9	0,0	131
rabbit	21,0	8,0	0,0	156
Bird
boiled chicken	25,2	7,4	0,0	170
turkey	19,2	0,7	0,0	84
Eggs
chicken eggs	12,7	10,9	0,7	157
Oils and fats
corn oil	0,0	99,9	0,0	899
olive oil	0,0	99,8	0,0	898
sunflower oil	0,0	99,9	0,0	899
ghee	0,2	99,0	0,0	892
Non-alcoholic drinks
mineral water	0,0	0,0	0,0	—
black tea with milk and sugar	0,7	0,8	8,2	43
Juices and compotes
apricot juice	0,9	0,1	9,0	38
carrot juice	1,1	0,1	6,4	28
pumpkin juice	0,0	0,0	9,0	38

* data is per 100 g of product

Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
vegetables legumes	9,1	1,6	27,0	168
sauerkraut	1,8	0,1	4,4	19
bulb onions	1,4	0,0	10,4	41
canned cucumbers	2,8	0,0	1,3	16
pickles	0,8	0,1	1,7	11
radish	1,2	0,1	3,4	19
white radish	1,4	0,0	4,1	21
turnip	1,5	0,1	6,2	30
tomatoes	0,6	0,2	4,2	20
canned tomatoes	1,1	0,1	3,5	20
spinach	2,9	0,3	2,0	22
sorrel	1,5	0,3	2,9	19
Fruits
apricots	0,9	0,1	10,8	41
bananas	1,5	0,2	21,8	95
figs	0,7	0,2	13,7	49
nectarine	0,9	0,2	11,8	48
peaches	0,9	0,1	11,3	46
Mushrooms
mushrooms	3,5	2,0	2,5	30
marinated mushrooms	2,2	0,4	0,0	20
Nuts and dried fruits
raisin	2,9	0,6	66,0	264
dried apricots	5,2	0,3	51,0	215
dried apricots	5,0	0,4	50,6	213
dates	2,5	0,5	69,2	274
Cereals and porridges
semolina	10,3	1,0	73,3	328
cereals	11,9	7,2	69,3	366
corn grits	8,3	1,2	75,0	337
pearl barley	9,3	1,1	73,7	320
millet cereal	11,5	3,3	69,3	348
Flour and pasta
pasta	10,4	1,1	69,7	337
Chocolate
chocolate	5,4	35,3	56,5	544
Raw materials and seasonings
ginger	1,8	0,8	15,8	80
ketchup	1,8	1,0	22,2	93
mayonnaise	2,4	67,0	3,9	627
tomato sauce	1,7	7,8	4,5	80
Meat products
pork	16,0	21,6	0,0	259
salo	2,4	89,0	0,0	797
Bird
smoked chicken	27,5	8,2	0,0	184
duck	16,5	61,2	0,0	346
smoked duck	19,0	28,4	0,0	337
goose	16,1	33,3	0,0	364
Fish and seafood
dried fish	17,5	4,6	0,0	139
smoked fish	26,8	9,9	0,0	196
black caviar	28,0	9,7	0,0	203
salmon caviar granular	32,0	15,0	0,0	263
canned fish	17,5	2,0	0,0	88
Oils and fats
animal fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
cooking fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
Juices and compotes
tomato juice	1,1	0,2	3,8	21

The patient is allowed the following food:

1. Bread without salt - wheat, corn starch.
2. Vegetable soups, with potatoes, cereals.
3. Lean beef, rabbit, poultry, lean fish (strictly in accordance with the protein norm).
4. Cottage cheese (only if there is no meat or fish that day), milk, sour cream, cream, sour milk - taking into account the total amount of protein.
5. Eggs - no more than half a day soft-boiled.
6. Rice.
7. Vegetables, herbs (except forbidden ones) - stewed, in salads, vinaigrettes.
8. Fruits – any kind.
9. Sweets - jelly, compotes, honey, jam, candies without chocolate.
10. Gravy, sauces with tomatoes, sour cream, cinnamon, fruit and vanilla, with boiled (stewed) onions, bay leaves.
11. Lightly brewed black tea, rosehip infusion, herbal teas, fruit juices.
12. Vegetable oils, butter.

The list of foods that cannot be included in the menu for this disease is quite extensive. Alcohol, strong tea and coffee, chocolate, cocoa are strictly prohibited - these foods create a high load on diseased kidneys.

The following foods are also prohibited:

• mushrooms;
• refractory fats;
• sausage;
• salty foods;
• canned food;
• sorrel;
• spinach;
• legumes;
• hot spices;
• fatty sauces;
• marinades;
• garlic;
• radish;
• fat meat;
• broths;
• spicy snacks;
• cheese;
• mineral waters with sodium;
• ice cream;
• cauliflower;
• baked goods, puff pastry;
• bananas;
• dried fruits.

People with chronic forms of pathology eat pasta, but very limitedly. Legumes are strictly prohibited in the acute form of the disease, but during the compensated stage in small quantities they are not contraindicated. Following a diet without failure will help stabilize your health, reduce the progression of the disease and improve a person’s well-being.

Prohibited foods for kidney failure

Dish recipes

To make the menu more attractive, you can try cooking a few new dishes.

Milk porridge with jam

To prepare porridge, take 0.5 liters of milk, 180 g of wheat cereal, rice or oatmeal and 1 tbsp. l. jam. Milk is poured into a saucepan, a little water is added, and put on fire. After boiling, add the cereal and cook for 15-20 minutes, stirring. After the stove is turned off, the porridge is covered with a lid, allowing it to evaporate. Add jam before serving.

Vegetable pickle

To prepare you will need 2 pickled cucumbers, 3 potatoes, 1 carrot, 80 g of rice, parsley, dill, 1 onion and bay leaf. Place a pan of water on the fire, bring to a boil, add all the vegetables, cut into small cubes, except cucumbers. The latter are introduced 10 minutes before readiness along with the herbs, then simmer the dish over low heat.

Stewed zucchini with tomatoes and peppers

To prepare the dish you will need 2 zucchini, 1 sweet potato, 2-3 tomatoes, 1 onion and 1 tbsp. l. vegetable oil. Peppers and zucchini are cut into half rings, and the onion is chopped. Vegetables are sautéed in a frying pan with a small amount of oil. Tomatoes passed through a meat grinder are added to the mixture after 7 minutes, then all ingredients are simmered under a closed lid for 10 minutes. The finished dish is decorated with herbs.

Despite significant restrictions, with a protein-free diet you can eat tasty and satisfying meals.

Vegetarian pilaf

To prepare vegetarian pilaf you will need 2 tbsp. rice, 1 can of canned corn, 1 onion, 2 carrots, 2 tbsp. l. tomato paste and 2 tbsp. l. vegetable oil. First, finely chop the onion and grate the carrots. The mixture is simmered in a frying pan for 5 minutes, then tomato paste and corn are added. After 5 minutes, pour the soaked rice into the frying pan, mix the ingredients and pour boiling water so that the water covers the vegetables. Simmer everything together under the lid for half an hour.

Recommendations from nutritionists

Maria Anatolyevna, 52 years old, nutritionist A protein-free diet is a therapeutic diet that is prescribed for gout, chronic renal failure, oncology and other diseases.
You cannot switch to it on your own, since this is fraught at best with exhaustion, and at worst with the development of chronic pathologies due to a lack of amino acids. The latter are building materials for the body, therefore they are required by all people for normal life. Svetlana Vladimirovna, 45 years old, nutritionist Reducing protein in the diet is justified only if a person has medical indications. To lose weight, it is strongly recommended to reduce the proportion of carbohydrates and pay attention to the quality and quantity of fat consumed. The body needs all macronutrients. With a low-protein diet, the human body suffers from amino acid deficiency, but in some pathologies the benefits outweigh the risks. Healthy people do not need to risk their health.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantages of the medical nutrition system:

• helps reduce protein load;
• stimulates the restoration of kidney and liver functions;
• prevents the concentration of nitrogenous compounds in the blood serum;
• helps improve overall well-being;
• stimulates detoxification processes.

The disadvantages include the following:

Avoiding protein foods can lead to significant muscle loss

• sometimes inhibits the activity of plastic processes;
• when there is a deficiency of microelements and vitamins in the diet, the function of the immune system weakens;
• increased fatigue and a feeling of weakness may occur;
• mood worsens;
• Diet can cause significant muscle loss.

Reviews and results

Marina, 37 years old, Voronezh. She set a goal for herself - to lose 5 kilograms by summer.
Beach season was approaching, so I needed to look good. I went on a protein-free diet and began to exercise intensively. I felt terrible, but I was happy to lose 2 kg in the first few days. By the end of the week the goal was achieved, but at great cost. When I began to evaluate the results, I realized that I had suffered in vain. The number on the scales has changed, but the skin has sagged and the defects have worsened. Elena, 34 years old, Krasnodar I wanted to lose weight on a protein-free diet, but did not read the information in advance. I've been struggling with the consequences for six months now. In the first days I lost 3 kg. Now I understand that due to water and limiting salt. A week later, my health deteriorated greatly and I felt weak. After 2 weeks I could barely get out of bed, but I had already lost 5 kg, so I decided to continue. A month later I had to see a doctor: I returned to my previous diet, but began to suffer from digestive disorders, and my condition only worsened. The doctor scolded me and said that the weight I lost was muscle.

Types of protein diets

There are several types of protein programs, but their general essence is to consume large amounts of protein and limit fat.

Dukan

The method involves creating a diet of low-calorie foods. The volume of food eaten is not controlled due to the fact that you still won’t be able to eat a lot of protein foods. Due to the absence of these restrictions, the diet is easier to tolerate than many others. But let us remind you that it has nothing to do with proper - rational - nutrition.

The Dukan program consists of four stages:

• The attack is a difficult but effective period. At this phase, metabolic restructuring and active fat burning begin. In seven days you can lose about 4 kg. It is recommended not to continue the diet for more than ten days. It is allowed to eat low-calorie foods prepared without oils.
• A cruise is a gentle period, longer than the first one. Continue the second stage until the desired result is achieved. Here you can alternate a protein day with a vegetable day.
• Consolidation is a phase that implies the correct exit from the diet. It will take time for the person to gradually return to a normal diet. Refrain from sweets in large quantities, because it is difficult for the body to quickly adapt to carbohydrate metabolism. The consolidation phase lasts a long time, sometimes it can reach up to 150 days.
• Stabilization - the usual mode is followed here, but with new features. Stay hydrated, spend more time outdoors and exercise.

Malysheva

Malysheva’s program consists of a combination of the rules of fractional nutrition and a high-protein diet. The dietary menu is quite balanced and nutritious.

Malysheva gives recommendations to beginners:

• You need to have a positive attitude when starting a diet;
• You cannot suddenly switch to dietary nutrition;
• The daily amount of calories is 1200-1400;
• Maintaining split meals - three meals and two or three additional snacks;
• It is forbidden to go hungry.

If you exercise while following a diet, you are allowed to increase the number of calories to 1700 per day.

Sports low-carbohydrate diet

A sports weight loss program means a gradual reduction in the amount of fats and carbohydrates consumed. This system is often followed by athletes who need to emphasize muscle definition and get rid of fat deposits.

Main prohibited foods: sweets, alcohol, fruits. At the end of the diet, you can’t even eat honey.

It is important to remember that the more stringent the program, the more fluid you need to consume. If this rule is neglected, problems will certainly arise in the functioning of the digestive system, metabolic failures, and well-being will also worsen. And once a person begins to drink a lot of liquid, which washes out vitamins and microelements from the body, then their deficiency develops. To solve the problem, use specially designed vitamin complexes.

System rules:

• Get into the diet smoothly. With a sudden transition, the body will fall into a state of stress.
• The number of meals per day is 6 times.
• Drinking regime. The daily water intake is 30 ml per kg of body weight.

The diet consists of 10% fats, 20% carbohydrates, and the rest is proteins, the amount of which must be increased gradually.

Since athletes follow a diet, physical activity takes a certain place. It is best to combine strength training with cardio.