Beef liver
The benefits of beef and veal liver are also great. This liver is rich in vitamins A and B. It is useful to take it for infectious diseases, kidney diseases, various injuries and burns, as well as for diseases of the central nervous system and for the prevention of myocardial infarction. Dishes prepared from beef or veal liver are very healthy. They promote hemoglobin regeneration and help improve immunity. Fans of fitness and healthy eating especially like beef and veal liver, since its calorie content is only 100 kcal per 100 grams. product. In its properties, veal liver differs from beef liver only in its more delicate taste and softness.
Chicken giblets - benefits and harms, calorie content of liver, hearts and stomachs
Hello, dear readers! Everyone knows that chicken meat is one of the healthiest and safest. It is this type of delicious meat that is recommended for children - the smallest gourmets, pregnant women, people suffering from various diseases. But an even more useful product is chicken giblets - something that many consider not very tasty and valuable food.
articles:
- 1 Chicken giblets recipes and tips
- 2 Chicken liver
- 2.1 Why and for whom is chicken liver useful?
- 3 Chicken hearts
- 4 Chicken gizzards
- 5 How can chicken giblets be dangerous?
Chicken giblets recipes and tips
Chicken giblets are superior to some modern pharmaceuticals in their content of useful substances, and therefore may be more effective for human health. Let's look at their benefits and harms, calorie content and cooking features. Let's look at the photo and video recipes.
Chicken liver
Chicken liver is a real storehouse of useful substances, which are also quickly and easily absorbed by the human body. The advantage of this product is that during the heat treatment it does not lose its benefits, and about 90% of the nutrients remain unchanged. The calorie content of chicken liver is approximately 130 kcal per 100 grams of weight.
Why and for whom is chicken liver useful?
- Firstly, this is an indispensable nutritional option for pregnant women, because it contains large amounts of easily digestible iron. 80% of expectant mothers suffer from a deficiency of this substance, so doctors recommend including it in the diet. As you know, to absorb iron from any foods or medications, it is necessary to combine it with ascorbic acid, that is, with vitamin C. But the advantage of the liver is that it also contains this substance, so iron compounds from it are absorbed to the maximum.
- Another reason why liver should be present in the diet of pregnant and lactating women, as well as children during periods of intensive growth, is its folic acid content. A deficiency of this component can lead to growth problems and poor health. 150 grams of liver contains the daily requirement of this substance for an adult.
- Chicken liver can be an alternative to cosmetic procedures and even prolong youth. It contains vitamin A and zinc - these are substances responsible for the beauty of skin and hair, they prevent the appearance of early wrinkles and smooth out existing ones. In addition, vitamin A and zinc are involved in the formation of immunity, support the liver and participate in cell renewal processes.
- The calorie content of the liver is minimal, and it contains only 6.5% fat, which is also essential for the body, as it contains fatty acids and Omega 3. These substances are extremely important for the health and productive functioning of the brain and nervous system as a whole.
- Well, we must not forget that chicken liver is a source of protein, which the body needs to maintain, grow and restore muscle tissue.
Chicken liver does not require long-term heat treatment; you can prepare a lot of different tasty and healthy dishes from it. It is recommended to include it in your diet at least 1-2 times a week.
Chicken hearts
A chicken heart weighs about 30 grams, but even this tiny product can have a positive effect on the human body.
Chicken hearts are a less popular offal than liver, as their preparation may require certain skills. But, in principle, there is nothing complicated about it.
There are a lot of recipes and secrets for delicious preparation of this product. Let's look at how a chicken heart can be useful.
- Firstly, it is a valuable source of B vitamins. The amount of them contained in chicken hearts cannot be found anywhere else. It is worth noting that these vitamins are, first of all, valuable for our immunity, as well as for the health of the liver and blood vessels. During the cooking process, only a small percentage of these vitamins is lost, so even after prolonged cooking, a dish with chicken hearts remains very healthy.
- Vitamin PP, which is also abundant in this product, prevents skin problems, participates in cell renewal and improves the functioning of the digestive organs.
- Chicken hearts contain a high concentration of vitamin A, due to which they have a positive effect on the condition of the skin, hair and nails, and are also an excellent preventative against vision problems.
- The product is rich in iron, containing it in no less concentration than liver. Iron is the main component for hematopoietic processes. A deficiency of this substance should not be allowed to develop, as this leads to a rapid deterioration in functioning throughout the body. Thanks to iron, the body produces hemoglobin, which is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
- Potassium, phosphorus and magnesium. These substances are found in lower concentrations, but are still present in the hearts. The benefit of these microelements is that they maintain water-salt balance, healthy cartilage and bones, and help restore the nervous system and heart muscle.
It is recommended to include this product in your diet at least 2 times a week, adding fresh vegetables to it to improve the absorption of nutrients.
Chicken stomachs
This by-product is the least popular, but its beneficial properties are no less than those of the previous ones. Let's look at the benefits of chicken gizzards and who needs them.
- a large number of different minerals contributes to the proper functioning of the endocrine glands, normalization of hormonal levels and stimulation of digestive processes. Chicken stomachs prevent the development of diabetes mellitus and improve the functioning of the pancreas and gall bladder.
This product is rich in phosphorus and fats, which are responsible for the normal condition of connective tissue. Thanks to regular consumption of gizzards, you can prolong the youth of joints and cartilage for a long time.
- In high concentrations, this product contains B vitamins, which accelerate regeneration processes responsible for the health of the lymphatic and nervous systems. Therefore, the product is useful during the postoperative recovery period.
- And of course, stomachs contain iron, which is 90% absorbed by the body. As mentioned above, it is indispensable for hematopoiesis.
- Vitamin A is present in this product in the greatest quantity. It improves vision, is responsible for the health of the walls of blood vessels and prevents problems with skin and hair.
Chicken stomachs require longer heat treatment, but this has virtually no effect on their composition and concentration of vitamins and minerals.
How can chicken giblets be dangerous?
Fortunately, chicken giblets have virtually no contraindications and can even be used in the diet from a fairly early age. But sometimes they can be dangerous to the body. Let's consider in what cases chicken giblets can harm our health.
- First, the product can be dangerous if not prepared correctly. Before cooking, the liver must be washed and separated from the gall bladder, which is not only harmful, but also makes the product inedible due to its strong bitterness. The stomach is completely cleared of film. Hearts need to be cooked after clearing of blood clots. Then these products will become safe.
- Secondly, harm to the body can be caused by those by-products that have been subjected to insufficient heat treatment. They can retain dangerous bacteria that cause severe diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Thirdly, under no circumstances should you consume offal whose freshness you are unsure of. Livers, hearts and stomachs deteriorate very quickly if storage conditions are violated. Therefore, it is recommended to eat only those foods that you are absolutely confident in.
- Well, one more problem, which is the least relevant, is individual intolerance, leading to allergic reactions. In fact, chicken and its by-products practically do not cause allergies and such cases are extremely rare. That is why the peculiarity of the body’s reaction in the case of individual intolerance to offal has not been sufficiently studied by doctors. If you know about such a problem in your body, it is better to exclude this product from your diet.
As you can see, with the right approach to choosing foods for your diet, you can prolong your youth, restore or maintain health. Nature has made sure that we can feel good without swallowing tons of pills!
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Source: https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5a50445557906a6a4bb0d6da/5a5a58bd830905b840417464
What's the best way to cook liver?
It is also interesting to find out which liver is healthier based on the method of preparation. It is clear that liver is an extremely useful product. It is rich in protein necessary for the body, and also contains various vitamins and microelements. Moreover, the fat content in the liver is only 2-4%. All these properties make this product indispensable in the human diet. In order to preserve the beneficial properties of the liver, you need to consume it boiled. You can cook it in either water or milk. When cooking, you can add your favorite spices or herbs if desired. The main thing is that the liver eaten is environmentally friendly and fresh. Then dishes prepared from it will be healthy, nutritious and tasty. It should also be noted that it is not recommended to fry the liver, since with this type of heat treatment the product will lose almost all its beneficial properties.
Chicken liver benefits and harms. Composition, calorie content. Recipes
Few people take chicken liver seriously; they consider it a cheap by-product that does not represent any benefit, and they are deeply mistaken. Despite the fact that liver is valued much less than chicken meat, it has one big advantage - liver is easily absorbed by the body.
Therefore, in almost any cuisine in the world, you can find dishes based on chicken liver. In some countries, chicken liver is actively used in traditional medicine, and its rich chemical composition helps it successfully solve many medical problems.
In this article we will take a detailed look at the benefits and harms of chicken liver.
Chemical composition and calorie content of the product
This product is a real storehouse of useful and nutrients necessary for the normal functioning of the human body. There are also harmful ones, and now about the chemical composition in detail.
Chicken liver contains practically no fat (6 g per 100 g of product); in terms of the amount of protein (20.5 g), it is not inferior to chicken breast. It is for this reason, and also because of its rather low calorie content (140 kcal), that it is classified as a dietary product.
100 g of chicken liver contains:
Vitamins:
- Vitamin A, 1330% (of the average daily value);
- Vitamin B1, 33%;
- Vitamin B2, 116%;
- Vitamin B4, 39%;
- Vitamin B6, 45%;
- Vitamin B9, 60%;
- Vitamin B12, 550%;
- Vitamin C 27.5%;
- Vitamin B3, 67%.
Minerals:
- Potassium, 11.6%
- Magnesium, 6%
- Sodium, 7%
- Sulfur, 20.4%
- Phosphorus, 33.5%
- Iron, 97.2%;
- Cobalt, 150%;
- Manganese, 15.9%;
- Copper, 38.6%;
- Molybdenum, 82.9%;
- Selenium, 99.3%;
- Chrome, 18%;
- Zinc, 55%.
In addition to such a rich vitamin and mineral composition, chicken liver contains many monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
It is impossible not to say about the cholesterol content in the product in question. Its amount: 350 mg per 100 g of liver. This is slightly more than the daily norm.
Chicken liver is a very healthy and satisfying product, accessible to everyone, but, unfortunately, not yet fully appreciated by everyone. Try eating it at least once a month, and believe me, this is enough to provide your body with nutrients that are not inferior in composition to special vitamin complexes sold in pharmacies.
Beneficial properties of chicken liver and its use
Culinary experts classify chicken liver as a delicacy, and nutritionists recommend using it for health and medicinal purposes.
So why is it useful? Let's look at this issue in more detail.
- The high iron content in chicken liver helps increase hemoglobin in the blood, and heparin maintains its ability to clot normally, which means it is ideal for the prevention of myocardial infarction, stroke and atherosclerosis. Memory improves and brain activity is stimulated due to the choline contained in the liver.
- The benefits of chicken liver are its selenium content. It maintains the necessary amount of iodine in the body, which is very useful for the thyroid gland, as well as for cleansing the blood. Thiamine is a strong antioxidant that protects the body from the harmful effects of heavy metals in the environment.
- The condition of teeth and hair improves, and vision is strengthened due to ascorbic acid, which is part of the liver, and methionine prevents the appearance of malignant tumors.
- The amino acid tryptophan is responsible for deep, restful sleep and inhibition processes in the brain. Those who want to lose extra pounds include liver in their diet because of its low calorie content.
Doctors recommend regular consumption of chicken liver for people with health problems such as:
- overwork and fatigue;
- diabetes;
- anemia;
- lung diseases;
- nervous disorders;
- decreased immunity;
- metabolic disease.
But the most useful property of chicken liver is considered to be its help in restoring the patient’s body after a large loss of blood, which occurred, for example, during a major operation.
The benefits of chicken liver are obvious, which means that all supporters of a healthy diet can safely include it in their diet. All that remains is to learn how to cook it correctly so that the dish turns out tasty and juicy. More on this below.
Contraindications and harm
Chicken liver can only be beneficial if it is fresh, because during long-term storage it accumulates toxins harmful to the body. When purchasing, you need to pay special attention to its appearance. Fresh liver has a dark brown color and a smooth surface.
Under no circumstances should you buy a liver if it:
- orange or greenish color;
- loose consistency;
- in large blood vessels;
- with blood clots.
Any liver tastes a little bitter, but if the bitterness is very noticeable in the finished product, this means that the liver is stale. Eating it is extremely dangerous and can result in severe food poisoning.
Chicken liver is harmful only because it contains a lot of cholesterol (about 350 mg per 100 g of product). This exceeds the daily norm (no more than 300 mg) of human needs, so it should be eaten with extreme caution:
- To old people;
- patients with high blood cholesterol levels;
- people suffering from stomach diseases (gastritis, ulcers);
- categories of people with kidney disease.
Use in cooking
This quite popular offal is widely used in cooking for preparing first and second courses, as well as snacks. In terms of its consistency, heat-treated chicken liver is in many ways reminiscent of meat.
If the offal is exposed to high temperatures for a long time, it becomes hard, dry and loses its taste. One of the most popular methods of preparing this product is frying with the addition of spices, onions and herbs.
To add juiciness to the finished dish, when frying chicken liver, milk sauce, whole milk, sour cream and butter, as well as plain water can be added to it.
As a side dish for the finished chicken liver, use legumes, potatoes, a mixture of various vegetables, boiled buckwheat and rice cereals. Chicken liver pate is very popular and is used as a snack.
Additionally, the pate may include onions, mushrooms, garlic, processed or hard cheese, vegetables, herbs and various seasonings. In addition to the dishes mentioned, sausages, cutlets, kebabs, cream soups and salads are made using this product.
Before preparing any dish with the addition of chicken liver, the offal must be soaked for 30–40 minutes in drinking water or milk.
The duration of heat treatment of chicken liver should not exceed 20 minutes, since after this time, the product becomes dry and completely loses its taste. In addition, adding salt during the preparation of chicken liver is necessary after heat treatment.
For cooking, it is recommended to give preference to chilled liver, avoiding freezing it. When choosing a product, you need to pay attention to its appearance, smell and color. Fresh chicken liver has a characteristic brown color, a faint smell of raw meat, and does not contain a large amount of separated moisture.
A greenish or pale tint of the product, as well as the presence of a rotten or putrid odor, indicates its staleness.
Chicken pate
Yes, to prepare chicken liver pate, you will need the following ingredients:
- 250 g chicken liver.
- 1 medium carrot.
- 1 onion.
- 100 g butter.
- 50 g vegetable oil.
- Salt and ground black pepper to taste.
Cooking: chicken liver must be washed and soaked in water for half an hour. The onions are peeled, washed under running water and cut into small cubes. The carrots also need to be peeled, washed and grated on a medium grater. Next, in a heated frying pan, pre-greased with vegetable oil, sauté the onions and carrots for 10 minutes.
Add soaked chicken liver to a frying pan with onions and carrots, fry all ingredients over medium heat for 5 minutes. All fried products are passed through a meat grinder or crushed in a blender, mixed with butter, ground black pepper and salt are added, and then mixed again.
The finished pate is placed in the refrigerator for half an hour, after which it is served.
Chicken liver dishes are considered dietary food, as they are easily digestible and contain few calories.
Let us remind you that chicken liver contains protein, which is easily digestible, iron, potassium, folic acid and other trace elements and vitamins (B, C and A). Nutritionists recommend adding it to the menu for children and pregnant women to prevent anemia (lack of iron in the body).
Liver soup
To prepare the soup you need:
- 400–600 grams of chicken liver,
- 4–5 pieces of potatoes,
- one medium sized carrot
- one onion,
- bell pepper – 1,
- 200–300 grams of boiled or canned beans,
- tablespoon of tomato paste,
- bay leaf 2-3 pieces,
- herbs and salt to taste.
Cooking process:
- Rinse the liver and boil in a saucepan with a capacity of three to four liters. Then put it on a plate.
- Place chopped potatoes into the broth and cook until half cooked. Finely chop the onion, carrots and peppers and sauté in oil in a frying pan for about ten minutes. Add tomato paste to taste.
- Add fried beans to the broth and cook for seven to ten minutes.
- Add the prepared liver, bay leaf and chopped herbs 1-2 minutes before the end of cooking the soup.
Liver stewed in sour cream and onions
This dish cooks very quickly - fifteen minutes. Need to take:
- one large onion
- chicken liver - five hundred grams,
- half a glass of sour cream,
- salt, ground black pepper - to taste,
- vegetable oil.
Preparation:
- Cut the onion into half rings. Then fry it in vegetable oil until golden brown.
- Wash the liver and cut into strips. Place it in a frying pan with onions and fry for seven to ten minutes.
- Add salt, pepper, sour cream and a little water. Simmer for another 2-3 minutes.
- At the end of cooking, add greens.
Chicken liver pancakes
Main products:
- five hundred grams of chicken liver,
- 2–3 eggs,
- flour - half a glass,
- a pinch of soda and salt,
- black pepper to taste.
How to cook:
- Grind the raw liver in a meat grinder.
- Break the eggs into the minced meat, add flour, soda, salt and pepper. Mix everything well.
- Pancakes are fried in vegetable oil. Served with sour cream.
recipe
Properly prepared chicken liver will bring more beneficial qualities to the body than negative ones. But we should not forget about the correct choice of product and contraindications for its use.
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Benefit or harm?
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Source: https://polzaili.ru/kurinaya-pechen-polza-i-vred-sostav-primenenie-kalorijnost/
Which liver is better for whom?
Dishes made from fresh liver can provide the human body with the full daily requirement of many minerals and vitamins. Thus, women during pregnancy are recommended to regularly eat cod liver. Then her child will be born stronger and will have a strong immune system. What kind of liver should I give my child? Definitely chicken, it is very useful for small children, as it contains folic acid necessary for a growing body. Before feeding your child chicken liver, you need to make sure it is absolutely fresh.
For prevention, as well as to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the body, adults need to eat beef or veal liver. Also, these types of liver are indicated for patients with cardiovascular diseases and diseases of the nervous system. For people prone to diabetes and atherosclerosis, such a liver will also be an indispensable assistant in the fight against these diseases. Beef and veal liver are also very useful for the prevention of thrombosis, since they contain a substance such as heparin, which is used to normalize blood clotting in patients. Smokers benefit from beef and pork liver. They can reduce the impact on the body of harmful substances contained in tobacco, such as nicotine. Now you know which liver is better!
Chicken liver: benefits and harm to the body, comparison with beef liver
The Fur tribes live in Central Africa.
They love any liver and eat it raw: cut it into pieces, prick it on a sharp knife or stick and - bon appetit. In their opinion, you cannot touch the liver with your hands: it becomes inedible and harmful. When eaten, liver expands the soul, but women are prohibited from eating it. And all because women from the tribe have no soul. So African men are afraid that something will suddenly appear. Then the African woman will stop the galloping rhinoceros and walk into something burning.
depositphotos.com. voltan1.
Russian women definitely have soul. We’ll find out from the article how chicken liver is beneficial for our women and men.
BJU: proteins, fats and carbohydrates
In 100 g of chicken liver:
- 20.5 g proteins;
- 5.8 g fat;
- 0.72 g carbohydrates.
The offal also contains amino acids (AA) important for human health - methionine and tryptophan. Heparin supplements the glycosaminoglycan composition.
Vitamin profile
100 g contains: 12 mg of vitamin A (retinol equivalent, or RE); up to 13.4 mg – PP; 0.71 mg – E; 25 mg – C and beta-carotene. There are also B vitamins: thiamine (B1) – 0.51 mg; folic acid (B9) – 241 mcg; riboflavin (B2) – 2.1 mg; pyridoxine (B6) – 0.9 mg; cobalamin (B12) – 16.57 mg.
Mineral components
A 100-gram serving of chicken liver contains 290 mg of potassium, 267 mg of phosphorus, 17 mg of iron, 15 mg of calcium, 24 mg of magnesium, 90 mg of sodium. In addition there is 385 mcg copper, 9 mcg chromium, 58 mcg molybdenum, 15 mcg cobalt, 6.6 mg zinc.
Calorie issue
The offal has a low calorie content: it does not exceed 137.7 kcal. This is a valuable dietary food for those who want to lose weight.
The calorie content of chicken liver varies depending on the type of processing, kcal:
- 136 – raw;
- 166 – boiled;
- 164 – stewed;
- 210 – fried.
Sauces and oil-containing seasonings add calories to the liver.
Beneficial features
There are many criteria for usefulness; you cannot choose just one. But we will try to give a summary that will give a general idea of the offal.
- Thiamine, despite its small amount in chicken liver, protects against the harmful effects of heavy metals.
- Iron increases hemoglobin, and riboflavin helps absorb iron.
- Choline clears thoughts, improves brain activity and strengthens memory.
- Selenium retains iodine in the body, cleanses the blood, and regulates the functions of the thyroid gland.
- Natural vitamin C strengthens vision, teeth, hair; helps in DNA synthesis.
- Folic acid is beneficial for the circulatory and immune systems.
- RE maintains youthful skin and visual acuity.
- Heparin normalizes blood clotting. That is why chicken liver is useful for thrombosis, varicose veins and is part of the treatment menu for these diseases.
- AK methionine is a barrier to cancer tumors.
- AK tryptophan relaxes the nervous system, improves brain function and guarantees restful sleep.
For expectant mothers
- Chicken liver is rich in folic acid. It is necessary for pregnant women for three reasons: it helps intrauterine development, participates in the formation of the circulatory and immune systems of the fetus, and prevents defects in its development.
- Iron and copper increase hemoglobin (during pregnancy it is often low), prevent anemia, and reduce the risk of miscarriage.
- Zinc maintains normal hormonal levels. It often goes wrong during pregnancy due to the loss of large amounts of protein. In addition, zinc helps the development of male reproductive organs in the fetus.
Zinc deficiency during pregnancy increases the number of miscarriages among boys.
For beauty, slimness and health
- The presence of chicken liver in the diet of a woman of any age increases the chances of improving the condition of hair, skin and teeth. And the duo of vitamins B9 and C will relieve causeless fatigue, ulcers in the mouth and on the tongue.
- Being a source of riboflavin, the offal will help women overcome anemia caused by monthly blood loss.
- The low caloric content also speaks in favor. But if you want to maintain your weight, know: just 100 g of chicken liver protein is equal to the daily protein requirement.
Benefits for men
Pantothenic acid from chicken liver B5 has a positive effect on the functioning of the adrenal glands and, as a result, the production of testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for male fertility and increases the chances of producing healthy offspring.
It seems that the African sorcerers who forced men to eat liver were not mistaken. A complete benefit for demographics. You see, at the same time your soul will become wider.
Any liver, including chicken liver, is useful for active smokers, alcoholics and those who quit smoking or drinking. Animal antioxidants strengthen the human liver, protecting it from cancer and other malfunctions.
Role in the children's menu
Chicken liver on the menu is allowed for children from three years of age. Little fidgets will especially benefit from its beneficial properties:
- Vitamin A will help your eyesight become sharp and your teeth and bones strong. At the same time, it will also take care of your kidney health.
- Animal protein will take part in the construction and timely renewal of tissues in the child’s body.
- Choline will help you remember everything new that your child has learned and will help you understand the answers to numerous “Why?” and earn good grades in school.
Dietary properties
The dietary beneficial properties of chicken liver apply to people suffering from overweight, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, atherosclerotic plaques on blood vessels, etc. The product appears in the medical nutrition of all of these groups of patients.
Being a rich source of complete, easily digestible protein, such food will be useful for athletes who adhere to a protein diet to maintain weight and build muscle mass.
In the difficult task of losing weight, chicken liver as part of a protein diet (for example, the Dukan diet) will help preserve muscle while systematically losing fluid and fat mass.
Harm and contraindications
During its short life, a chicken passes through its liver all the additives and medications that it is fed. Some of the harmful substances manage to exit with bile, but the other part remains until the offal reaches the shelves.
And then the human liver has to neutralize and remove dangerous growth stimulants or antibiotics. This is an additional load on the organ. This is why industrial liver is not the best choice if you are concerned about your health.
There are diseases and conditions in which regular consumption of offal is contraindicated:
- high cholesterol;
- kidney diseases;
- peptic ulcer;
- elderly age.
If there is one of the contraindications, it is recommended to consult your doctor for advice. He will tell you how much chicken liver will not harm your body.
Nutritional value table for chicken and beef liver (boiled)
Chicken liverBeef liver
Calorie content | 136 kcal | 127 kcal |
Absorbed | Easily | Hard |
Proteins, g | 20,5 | 17,9 |
Fats, g | 5,8 | 3,7 |
Carbohydrates, g | 0,78 | 5,3 |
Potassium, mg | 290 | 277 |
Calcium, mg | 15 | 9 |
Magnesium, mg | 24 | 18 |
The superiority of chicken liver has been proven in many respects, but its calorie content is higher. The choice is yours.
Fresh chicken liver is smooth, hard, brown, shiny. If it's orange, it's frozen. A burst gall bladder turns the product greenish (this does not add a pleasant taste).
Important: If you see the inscription on the store packaging - chlorine, refuse to purchase. Chlorine treatment has been recognized as dangerous.
Source: https://poleznenko.ru/kurinaja-pechenka.html