Excess fat deposits under the skin that are visible to the naked eye are called cellulite. Lumps and dimples can appear on various parts of the body, but most often the orange peel “attacks” the stomach. This is due to the physiological characteristics of the skin, because it is here that it is especially thick and loose. In addition, in people who are overweight, the bulk of subcutaneous fat is concentrated in the waist area.
Causes of cellulite in women -
Despite the innate predisposition of women to the development of cellulite, there are a number of factors against the background of which this predisposition begins to manifest itself. We are talking about a sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition - especially when there is also a third factor in the background - an imbalance in the female sex hormones system. So, it is customary to distinguish the following 3 main causes of cellulite:
1) Hormonal factor - an imbalance in the system of female sex hormones (excess of estrogens and prolactin, lack of progesterone), an imbalance in the ratio of estrogen and testosterone - leads in women to impaired fat metabolism, and the predominance of the processes of lipogenesis over lipolysis. This means that the metabolism of fat cells will be focused on the accumulation of fatty acids. This is why cellulite develops especially rapidly in women during periods of hormonal changes - puberty, the 2nd half of pregnancy, menopause, and when ovarian function is impaired.
Another interesting factor is that growth hormone is an activator of lipolysis, i.e. it promotes the breakdown and excretion of fatty acids from adipocytes. Growth hormone is produced in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland during the long sleep phase, and therefore lack of sleep leads to a decrease in the production of this hormone and, accordingly, to inhibition of lipolysis and weight gain. In addition to all this, there is another very important hormone, which is the most powerful activator of lipogenesis - insulin, but we will talk about it in the section “poor nutrition”.
Menopause period - special mention must be made about the menopause period, during which there is a low concentration of estrogen, which in turn leads to an automatic increase in vascular permeability and a decrease in the tone of the vascular wall. As a result of these processes, microcirculation is disrupted, which is an important factor predisposing to the development of cellulite. In addition, estrogen deficiency leads to a decrease in the production and content of type I and III collagen fibers in the skin, which also contributes to the development of cellulite.
In addition to all this, as women age, the number of beta receptors located on the membranes of adipocytes (fat cells) decreases. It is this type of receptor that is responsible for the activation of lipolysis, i.e. for the removal of fatty acids from fat cells. It turns out that in women with age, the number of alpha-adrenergic receptors responsible for fat accumulation (lipogenesis) begins to significantly predominate over the number of beta-adrenergic receptors. Accordingly, the physiological process of fat metabolism in the body will be arranged in such a way that lipogenesis will dominate over lipolysis.
2) Poor nutrition – malnutrition includes, for example, excess nutrition, as well as an unbalanced diet in which carbohydrates and fats significantly predominate over proteins. You must understand that it is not only the consumption of fat that leads to the accumulation of fatty acids in fat cells (adipocytes), but the body also has a mechanism that transforms excess carbohydrates into fatty acids.
In addition, high peak insulin concentrations in the blood lead to fat accumulation. The fact is that insulin is precisely the hormone that activates lipogenesis, i.e. the process of accumulation of fatty acids in fat cells. And here 2 points are very important. Firstly, high peak insulin concentrations during meals, which are caused by the consumption of foods with a high hyperglycemic index (boiled potatoes and carrots, rice, starch, sugar and many other foods). And the second important point is diet.
The situation when you eat rarely, but a lot, leads to high peak concentrations of insulin in the blood, and as we said above, insulin is one of the activators of lipogenesis. In addition, the body, under conditions of irregular nutrition, strives to store excess carbohydrates “in reserve”, and you greatly help it in this. But eating frequently and in small quantities will not lead to high peak insulin concentrations, which means it will not actively stimulate the processes of fat accumulation in fat cells.
3) Physical inactivity - a sedentary lifestyle, sedentary work cause disruption of blood flow in the limbs and lower torso. As a result, blood microcirculation is disrupted in the subcutaneous fat (venous stasis occurs), vascular permeability increases and, as a result, interstitial edema of the fatty tissue is formed, and lymphatic drainage is disrupted. Impaired microcirculation, interstitial edema of fatty tissue and lymphostasis are the triggers for the development of cellulite.
If we superimpose factors that stimulate lipogenesis on these processes, i.e. hormonal factor + poor nutrition, then you get your cellulite. Well, we also forgot to note that the development of cellulite is also affected by too tight clothes (tight jeans), because... in this case, blood microcirculation is disrupted and tissue hypoxia occurs. Also one of the factors can be called the love of high heels, which is the cause of impaired venous outflow.
Important: well, speaking about the predisposition of women to cellulite, it is also worth remembering that during the period “from the beginning of PMS to the end of menstruation” there is always physiological interstitial edema of adipose tissue. What if such regular physiological edema is complemented by an inactive lifestyle, poor diet and excess body mass index? And what will happen when the physiological swelling of adipose tissue is also combined with constant pathological interstitial edema of adipose tissue (arising against the background of impaired microcirculation)…
Relationship between cellulite localization and alpha receptors –
To make everything completely clear for you, let’s summarize all the information on activators of lipogenesis and lipolysis. Fat cells have alpha and beta adrenergic receptors on their membranes, which are responsible for activating lipogenesis and lipolysis, respectively. Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors leads to activation of lipogenesis, i.e. to the accumulation of fat in adipocytes (fat cells). As you already understand, the main activator of lipogenesis includes the hormone insulin, as well as estrogens and prolactin.
Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors leads to activation of lipolysis, i.e. the processes of splitting triglycerides (complex fatty acids) into monoglycerides are activated, and the latter are removed from fat cells. Our hormones are responsible for this - primarily glucagon, as well as growth hormone, testosterone and cortisol (stress hormone). This is why a person usually loses weight due to stress. In addition, it should be noted that in women in the thighs, abdomen and buttocks, adipocytes have 5 times more alpha-adrenergic receptors, which are responsible for lipogenesis, than beta-adrenergic receptors.
Those. this is nothing more than the so-called “fat traps”. This is why it is 5 times easier for women to accumulate fat tissue than to lose it later. And if a woman then goes on a diet and goes to the gym, then she will lose weight primarily in the area of her face and chest, i.e. where fat cells have more beta-adrenergic receptors. And that is why, in addition to sports and diet, in order to reduce the volume of fat in the area of “fat traps”, local effects in the form of lipolytic injections, as well as using methods of hardware cosmetology (24stoma.ru) are already required.
Based on the above, it should become clear why cellulite primarily appears on the legs and butt, and not somewhere else. As we already understood, this is due to the large number of alpha-adrenergic receptors responsible for the accumulation of fat in these areas (against the background of a small number of beta-adrenergic receptors there).
Activators of lipogenesis and lipolysis –
Features of hormonal disorders
It is extremely difficult to identify the exact reason why a representative of the fair sex experiences hormonal imbalance. This is due to many reactions occurring in the brain and endocrine glands. Conventionally, all potential causes are divided into those associated with central regulation and those associated with diseases of the peripheral glands.
Serious traumatic brain injuries, encephalitis or, for example, a tumor can affect the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Exhaustion of the body and the so-called chronic fatigue syndrome have a negative effect. Pathologies of the thyroid gland, adrenal cortex and other similar organs also greatly affect hormonal levels.
Important!
The kidneys process and remove hormones, so their condition also affects the situation.
The factor of heredity plays a huge role in this matter. It is he who largely determines how the climate period will proceed. In addition to the time of puberty, pregnancy and childbirth, hormonal storms are observed against the background of previous abortions.
Stages of cellulite: photo and description
In this section we will list the stages of cellulite formation, and as you will see below, at the very first stage it is not possible to visually see its presence at all, because such a characteristic symptom as orange peel on the skin is still absent. The following 4 stages of cellulite can be distinguished, which correspond to its degrees of severity:
1) Venous stasis (panniculopathy) - at this stage there is a violation of blood microcirculation in the subcutaneous fatty tissue and dermis. Venous stasis should be understood as a violation of venous outflow against the background of normal blood flow through the arteries. This leads to an increase in pressure inside the capillaries and an increase in vascular permeability. Visually, at this stage, the skin is still even and smooth, and the problem can only be determined by a decrease in skin temperature in problem areas.
2) Interstitial edema (Fig. 5) – interstitial edema should be understood as swelling of the intercellular space. Impaired venous outflow and increased vascular permeability at the first stage lead to the gradual development of interstitial edema. Swelling of the intercellular space leads to compression of the microvasculature, further aggravating the disturbance of venous outflow, as well as causing lymphostasis. At this stage of cellulite development, when we gather the skin into folds, we see the “orange peel” symptom. The pinching symptom (pain) is negative.
3) Fibrosis (Fig. 6) - the body always fences off areas of interstitial edema and inflammation with the help of fibrous capsules. Fibrosis is also promoted by hypoxia of adipose tissue, which occurs already in the first two stages - due to disruption of microcirculation and gas exchange function in the capillaries. Due to the growth and compaction of connective tissue fibers (fibrous septa) in fatty tissue, micronodules are formed, i.e. groups of fat cells fused to each other, bounded by fibrous capsules.
At the same time, the increased volume of fat cells of such micronodules (which have absorbed a lot of fatty acids) “bulges” into the dermis, which gives it a characteristic “orange peel” appearance – even when we do not fold the skin. The pinching symptom at this stage is weakly positive, i.e. mild soreness will be present.
4) Sclerosis (Fig. 7) – patients at this stage always clearly have an increased body mass index. At this stage, an even greater thickening of the interlobular fibrous septa occurs, as well as the fusion of micronodules into macronodules. Visually, we see a full set of symptoms of cellulite - orange peel, lumpiness, dimples, a positive pinching symptom. In addition, in the area of problem areas, the skin will be colder, with a bluish tint.
Stages of cellulite: photo
The total number of mesotherapy procedures will depend on the stage/stage of cellulite development. If at the first and second stages 4-6 and 8 procedures are enough, respectively, then the third stage of cellulite will require at least 12-16 procedures. And at the fourth, most difficult stage, an acceptable result can be obtained only after several courses of 15-16 procedures. At the same time, if in the first two stages only mesotherapy is enough for us, then in stages 3-4 we will need to use other treatment methods in parallel.
Clinical forms of cellulite –
In the cellulite clinic, several types can be distinguished. The most basic type is associated with excessive development of adipose tissue - let's call it conventionally “fat”. Then we can distinguish the “dry type” - these patients have little fatty tissue, but a lot of fibrous adhesions and skin irregularities. Another type is “atonic,” which is characterized by pastosity, atonicity, and sagging skin. There is also an “edematous form”, which is characterized by pronounced swelling of fatty tissue (most often this form occurs against the background of some pathology - diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys).
Prevention
Preventing the formation of cellulite on the stomach is much easier than strenuously dealing with the problem that has arisen. Methods for preventing “orange peel” are available to every woman and girl. We recommend adopting them and using them in everyday life to maintain the beauty and youth of your body!
Active lifestyle
Moderate physical activity is the best way to get a toned figure and good health. Among the available sports, it is worth paying attention to choreography, water aerobics, jumping rope and running. They are suitable for both gym and home workouts. Due to the intensive saturation of cells with oxygen and acceleration of metabolism, the chance of cellulite appearing is reduced to zero. Examples of sets of exercises and workouts can always be easily found online.
Cellulite on the legs and butt: treatment
Cellulite treatment always takes place in 3 stages.
At the first stage, it is important for us to restore blood microcirculation, improve venous outflow, activate lymphatic drainage, and also reduce interstitial edema of fatty tissue. At the second stage, we will engage in active lipolysis and also try to slow down lipogenesis, i.e. process of fat accumulation. Well, at the last stage we will engage in tissue lifting and stimulation of neocollagenesis, trying to increase skin elasticity. Naturally, all this should happen against the backdrop of nutritional correction and exercise. Below we will look at the stages of treatment in detail, but first we will list contraindications to the use of lipolytics in the treatment of cellulite. Absolute contraindications will be:
- age up to 16 years,
- pregnancy and lactation,
- chronic diseases in the stage of decompensation,
- uncompensated diabetes mellitus type 1,
- renal and liver failure.
The last point is very important, because the use of drainage drugs against the background of interstitial edema of adipose tissue will lead to an increase in the load on the kidneys. And in turn, lipolytic drugs create a load on the liver, because The point of using lipolytics is to extract fatty acids from adipocytes (fat cells) and transport them through blood vessels - to the liver, where they will be processed. Those. The final stage of lipolysis occurs not somewhere there, but in the liver.
Useful, pleasant, effective: massage and shower
Surprisingly, a person can speed up the digestion of food and tighten the skin on the abdomen with the help of a regular massage. The procedure can be carried out independently, without the involvement of outside help.
You need to massage your stomach on an empty stomach. Lubricate the skin with cream and begin slow warming movements. To see the result, you will have to undergo at least ten mini-sessions.
Add water procedures to the complex of manual therapy. Among the most common and accessible at home:
- Cold and hot shower. Daily sessions will help restore blood circulation. Toxins will be eliminated from the body faster, which means that cellulite tubercles will also “dissolve” in the near future.
- Anti-cellulite baths. Soak in warm water with dissolved infusions of medicinal herbs, sea salt or clay.
The first stage is the restoration of microcirculation
At the beginning of each stage 1 procedure, we must first perform a main vascular puncture (capillary mesotherapy), using the combined drug “GAG Complex DVL Capyl” - based on gingo biloba extract and troxerutin. Based on its composition, it is a vascular drug that specifically affects microcirculation. But, if we also need pronounced drainage properties, then we can add a couple of ml of drugs to the syringe with this drug - “Artichoke” or “Rutin + melilot extract”.
Examples of drugs –
The main vascular puncture is done along the lines along the spine, including paravertebral lines, as well as along the legs, i.e. along the lateral outer and inner surfaces of the thighs and legs (stripe technique), in increments of 1.5 cm. Usually we need 5.0 ml of the drug for this. Our goal is to activate metabolism, microcirculation and lymphatic drainage not only locally, but throughout the entire body. After this, we move on to working with local problem areas.
Working with problem areas - the optimal preparation for this is “GAG Complex DVL E”, which, in addition to gingo biloba extract and troxerutin, also contains artichoke with yohimbine. Artichoke has drainage properties, relieving interstitial edema, and yohimbine is a lipolytic with combined action. Yohimbine simultaneously affects alpha-adrenergic receptors of fat cells, thereby reducing lipogenesis, as well as beta-adrenergic receptors, activating lipolysis in fat cells.
Thus, this drug will allow us in areas with cellulite to improve microcirculation with lymphatic drainage, relieve swelling, as well as activate lipolysis and suppress lipogenesis in fat cells. Problem areas (for example, buttocks and thighs) are pierced in a checkerboard pattern in increments of 1.5 cm. For stages 1-2 of cellulite, we can take about 8-10 ml of the “GAG Complex DVL E” drug for injection in local areas, and for stages 3 -4 stages – use from 10 to 15 ml of this drug.
All procedures are carried out once a week. The total number of procedures at this stage of treatment for stages 1-2 of cellulite is 4-6 procedures. It turns out that if you only need cellulite prevention, or you only have stage 1 of cellulite (in the absence of an increased body mass index), you can limit yourself to stage 1 of treatment. If you have stage 1 against the background of an increased body mass index, or you already have stages 2-3-4, in any case we move on to the second stage of treatment, i.e. active lipolysis.
What to do
Cellulite in men rarely causes anxiety or panic. The stronger sex is rather uncritical of its body. However, if this defect bothers you so much that you are ready to take specific measures, then you will need to spend less effort than the weaker sex.
In case of mild manifestations of cellulite, you should take measures to prevent physical inactivity and exclude fatty, smoked, fried and foods rich in simple carbohydrates from your diet.
Only advanced cellulite with severe abdominal obesity requires serious intervention for medical reasons. For these purposes, liposuction, electrolipolysis or hormonal therapy in case of endocrine pathology are used.
Cellulite in men is an absolutely safe and barely noticeable visual phenomenon, which can be gotten rid of without putting as much effort as in women. The main thing is not to bring yourself to extreme levels of obesity and not to allow extremes in the development of diseases that lead to pathology of the reproductive and hormonal systems.
The second stage of treatment is activation of lipolysis
As before, at the beginning of each stage 2 procedure, we continue to perform a main vascular injection using the combined preparation “GAG Complex DVL Capyl”, and, if necessary, adding “Artichoke” or “Rutin + melilot extract” to it. The main cutting technique was briefly described above. After this, we again move on to working with local problem areas, the goal of which is to activate lipolysis and suppress lipogenesis in adipocytes (fat cells).
For this we need soft lipolytics. On the one hand, they will act on beta-adrenergic receptors, stimulating the breakdown of complex fatty acids “triglycerides” - to “monoglycerides” (with their subsequent removal from fat cells). On the other hand, they will affect the alpha-adrenergic receptors of fat cells, blocking the accumulation of new portions of fat in them. Those. We need lipolytics to activate lipolysis and suppress lipogenesis.
There are quite a large number of drugs for these purposes, but as an example we give drugs from Mesopharm (this does not mean that they are better than others, but in any case they are good drugs in terms of price/quality ratio). Preparations with this composition are used for lipolysis not only against the background of cellulite, but also for the correction of local fat deposits.
1) Estetic Form “Phyto Slim” –
L-carnitine,- caffeine,
- rutin and melilot extract,
- organic silicon 1%.
The drug is more suitable for patients with stages 1-2 of cellulite. In this preparation, the lipolytics L-carnitine and caffeine are combined with the vascular-drainage complex “rutin-melilot extract”. Injections are carried out to a depth of 6 mm, in a checkerboard pattern (in increments of 1.0-1.5 cm) over the area of problem areas. We can take up to 15 ml of this drug for one procedure. But you need to take into account that the drug contains caffeine, and therefore it is not recommended to use it in such volumes towards the end of the second half of the day.
2) Estetic Form “Lipo Stop” –
L-carnitine,- caffeine,
- yohimbine,
- minari extract,
- organic silicon 1%.
The combination of lipolytics in this drug is already stronger than in the previous one - due to the content of another lipolytic (yohimbine), and therefore this drug will be indicated for patients with stages 3-4 of cellulite. Both caffeine and yohimbine tend to increase blood pressure - this drug should also not be used towards the end of the afternoon, or used in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. For 1 procedure – no more than 10 ml. Organic silicon in the composition has the property of inhibiting fibrosis of connective tissue.
Preparations containing deoxycholate - it should be noted that we can use harsher drugs for lipolysis against the background of cellulite - in particular those containing the lipolytic deoxycholate (PHDC drug), which irreversibly destroys the membranes of fat cells. But its use makes sense only if, against the background of cellulite, the patient has an increased body mass index and we also need to work on reducing the volume of local fat deposits. The depth of deoxycholate injection will be 12-13 mm.
The administration of deoxycholate in areas where the volume of subcutaneous fat is not too large often leads to a focal decrease in its volume. In this case, small indentations may be visible on the skin at the injection site, and this is especially common when deoxycholate preparations are placed on the thighs. Still, the safest areas to work with this lipolytic are the stomach and sides.
Introduction of lipolytics for stage 3-4 cellulite –
At stages 3-4 of cellulite, nodes (micronodules or macronodules) are already formed in the fatty tissue. The nodes are groups of fat cells fused to each other, surrounded by dense fibrous capsules. As we said above, such fibrous capsules around groups of fat cells are formed due to prolonged interstitial edema of fatty tissue and a state of cell hypoxia. In the presence of such nodes, the classical injection technique of administering lipolytics is no longer sufficiently effective, because fibrous capsules prevent the diffusion of lipolytic solutions.
For cellulite, starting from stage 3, the administration of lipolytics using a cannula will be more effective. The latter is a blunt-ended needle with a hole on the side wall next to the spout (for removing the solution). The difference between a cannula and a needle is that a pointed needle cuts tissue, including blood vessels and nerves, while a blunt cannula moves apart/looses tissue. In relation to cellulite, this will mean that with the help of a cannula we can separate fatty tissue, thereby breaking the fibrous capsules of micro- and macronodules.
Accordingly, the lipolytic solution will penetrate evenly into all areas of adipose tissue, including areas of adipose tissue enclosed in fibrous capsules. For this technique, we use long cannulas 7-10 cm long. After inserting the cannula through a puncture of the skin, we perform a series of back-and-forth movements along its entire length, radially along vectors. The lipolytic solution is administered via vectors after we have performed the separation of subcutaneous fat. We will use the same drugs - “Phyto Slim” or “Lipo Stop”.
Who has the right to administer lipolytics with a needle or cannula -
The cannula technique is more complex than the injection technique, and only specialists with higher medical education have the right to use it. Mesotherapists with secondary medical education have the right to make ordinary lipolytic injections with a needle. But keep in mind that mesotherapy is often practiced illegally by people without any medical education at all - these are the so-called “cosmetologists-aestheticians” who, by law, have the right to only give you massages, peelings and various care procedures.
However, many small training centers, in an effort to earn money, teach mesotherapy to people without medical education and then issue them illegal diplomas, which by law do not give them the right to engage in this type of activity. If you have an appointment with a mesotherapist with secondary medical education, then in addition to a diploma of secondary education, this specialist must take the following two training courses for advanced training - 2) “nursing in cosmetology”, 2) a training course in mesotherapy.
Let me draw your attention to the fact that the right to practice mesotherapy does not appear after any training course in mesotherapy, but only if it is a standardized course that complies with the program approved by the Ministry of Education. Such a course must last at least 32 hours, and after its completion, a certificate of an established (state) standard is issued on paper with watermarks (Fig. 13). All other courses and certificates do not give the right to engage in this type of activity.
What should a standard mesotherapy certificate look like?
Reviews
Girls! I don’t want to say ahead of time, BUT! Looks like I found a great remedy for cellulite - PEPPER PLASTIC. It costs a penny (a large one is 14 rubles), the effect is amazing - the blood rushes, the area under the patch bakes, turns crimson, “burns”, fat is accelerated and burned. I only left it on for about 20 minutes, and today the skin above my knees has VISIBLY smoothed out, but in other places it’s more shabby—it’s not yet visible.
Photo showing the result of using pepper patch for cellulite on the stomachReef Aquarium
https://www.woman.ru/beauty/body/thread/3897745/
Girls, I didn’t even believe that this was possible for me, with my advanced form! Moreover, I am no longer 30 years old... I’ll say right away that I came across a good masseuse, who spared no time and effort in working with my body)). We did a vacuum cup massage, a chocolate wrap, an algae cream wrap and a live algae wrap. In my opinion, the best thing is wrapping with live algae, the effect is immediately visible, I regret that we did not start with them.
Krashota
https://irecommend.ru/content/massazh-ot-tsellyulita-moi-opyt-foto-do-i-posle
I did the wraps for a month and a half. I did the procedure every other day, in a week you will get used to taking care of yourself and will truly enjoy the process! I did 23 wraps and ATTENTION! I LOST -5 CM IN THE WAIST (THE SIDES ARE ALSO GONE) AND -6 CM IN THE HIPS! It was a shock for me and the result shocked everyone I had expected. To be honest, I don’t really believe in such things, they say, wrap yourself up and you’ll be a slender gazelle! I wanted to improve my body skin, tighten and nourish it, but in the end I also lost a lot of weight! Fantastic, and nothing more!
Shark Land
https://irecommend.ru/content/lyubite-svoe-telo-i-ono-polyubit-vas
Which specialist should I contact?
The fight against lipodystrophy requires an integrated approach. After receiving the results of the examination, the patient may need help:
- a nutritionist - to create a complete menu that allows you to lose weight gradually, without harm to your health;
- endocrinologist - if the disorder is caused by hormonal imbalance or abnormalities in metabolic processes;
- surgeon – when there is a need to correct the figure surgically;
- psychotherapist – for stressful conditions, psychological eating disorders.
A cosmetologist deals with the elimination of external manifestations of cellulite. This specialist selects the optimal course of hardware procedures and external use.
